Saturday, July 7, 2012
倫敦歐洲第一高樓落成, 富時見頂?
倫敦 The Shard揭幕 歐洲第一高樓僅一租戶
Appledaily 20120708
樓高310米(1,016呎)的歐洲最高建築物 The Shard,前晚(周四)在激光和射燈表演中於英國倫敦泰晤士河南岸正式揭幕,但瑰麗光影背景,這幢87層樓高的摩天大廈除了一間酒店租戶租用19層外, 其餘樓層至今仍沒人承租。
這幢摩天大廈由卡塔爾中央銀行和英國發展商 Sellar地產集團持有,當中卡塔爾央行佔95%股權。揭幕儀式由卡塔爾首相哈馬德( Hamid Jassem al-Thani)和英國安德魯王子( Prince Andrew)主持。之後在倫敦交響樂團的演奏錄音襯托下,12束激光和30盞射燈由 The Shard射出,在大廈外牆營造不同色彩,但有專程到場觀賞、預期會有精釆表演的人,卻大失所望。
歐債拖累 寫字樓需求減
不過,最令人失望的是 The Shard的出租情況。這幢大廈距離英倫銀行總行約1公里,所處地區是倫敦新開發的甲級寫字樓地段。 The Shard的投資者在2010年對租金上升非常樂觀,目標租金每平方呎70英鎊(844港元),成為倫敦租金最高的建築物,豈料遇上歐債危機,市場對甲級 寫字樓需求大減,附近倫敦金融區商廈租金呎價仍維持在兩年前的55英鎊(663港元),較2008年高峯期低15%。
出租進度亦不理想,至今只有 香格里拉酒店( Shangri-La Hotel)租用34至52樓,經營有195間房的新酒店,其他樓層仍然沒人問津。這樣的情況,發展商若是上市公司,肯定已惹來債務危機,幸好 The Shard的大股東是卡塔爾王室,沒有財政壓力。 The Shard工程在2008年金融海嘯時陷入財困危機,幸好卡塔爾王室注資才令工程得以繼續。
位處南岸 偏離金融區
有物業顧問認為, The Shard的位置先天不足,位處泰晤士河南岸,倫敦傳統金融業區卻在北岸,「很多慣了在傳統倫敦市商業區的商戶,連過橋去看一看都不願。對他們來說,過一條橋都是太遠了。」
但 Sellar的老闆室塞勒( Irvine Sellar)仍然充滿信心,因為前日的揭幕儀式只代表大樓外牆竣工,大樓內的工程至明年才會完成,而未來數年將有不少倫敦甲級寫字樓租約期滿, The Shard可趁機搶客。他上月底接受訪問時,揚言正跟多個商戶商討,涉及的租用面積逾10萬平方呎,他預期整幢大廈所有樓層可於2014年底租出。他說: 「當你有一輛2012年新型汽車,為何還會駕駛一輛1970年代出廠的?」路透社/法新社
The Shard小資料
•高309.6米(1,016呎)
•鑲了11,000塊玻璃,總面積等同8個足球場
•有44部升降機和306道樓梯
•各樓層總面積12.7萬平方米
•95%建築材料可循環再用
•可用樓層有72層,另有15層構成尖頂
•地下 Shard廣場是公共空間,設座椅及植物
•2樓是商店層
•4樓至28樓是辦公樓層及花園
•31至33樓設多間餐廳
•34至52樓為香格里拉酒店暨水療室
•53至65樓為10個行政住宅單位
•68至72樓為公眾觀景層
Thursday, April 14, 2011
fwd 基金管理每年浪費10萬億
【明報專訊】英國《金融時報》引述一份由IBM 撰寫的報告報道,基金管理行業報酬過高,每年浪費股東及投資者高達1.3萬億美元(10.14萬億港元),相當於全球每年GDP約2%。報告指基金經理「收取的報酬遠高於服務的價值」,情况「難以持續」,加上交易所交易基金(ETF)等「被動式管理投資」興起,預計行業在未來10年面臨大裁員。
IBM報告料未來10年大裁員
這份由IBM 商業價值研究院撰寫的《Financial Markets 2020》報告,綜合了86個國家2600名業界人士及政府官員的訪問結果,內容尚未公開。報告指出,基金管理業浪費的金額中,客戶是最大受損者,每年達 1.1萬億美元,當中投資於只持長倉的基金、但因基金經理未能跑贏基準指數而浪費的服務費用達3000億美元;未能帶來目標回報的對冲基金收取的費用有 510億美元。評級機構、銷售方研究機構及交易員因為分析不實而造成的浪費,更達4590億美元。此外,由於架構繁複及欠效率,行業令股東每年損失高達 2130億美元。
ETF蠶食傳統資產管理市場
報告引述受訪者稱,相信基金管理的行業難以持續,隨著歐美政府收緊監管及投資者投資經理的要求增加,基金業跟服務不成正比的收入將會愈來愈少。根據 IBM調查,雖然投資者要支付高昂資金來追求所謂有力跑贏指數的回報,但實質回報少得「可憐」,高達87%的投資者並不是其投資服務提供者的忠實顧客。調查的受訪者相信,行內將面對裁員,估計未來10年銷售方研究將裁員45%,信貸評級則裁員42%(見表)。
報告同時稱,投資者行為改變,再加上ETF等「被動式管理投資」(即基金經理不主動選股)大行其道,令全球資產管理行業面臨改變。2600名受訪者中,有三分二相信ETF及指數基金的需求將繼續增加,勝過其他投資產品。報告相信,資產經理有必要改變經營方式,為客戶度身訂造投資產品,提供一些ETF 無法取代的產品。
撰文:郭銘
Thursday, February 10, 2011
中國銀監核數為名 查花旗銀行成功秘訣
爆料網站「維基解密」( Wikileaks)再爆料,指中國銀監會曾派出多達 40名核數師到花旗銀行(中國)( Citibank( China) Co., Ltd)的上海總部,以「極具侵略性」方式核查了一個月,名義上是查賬核數,實際上是查探花旗成功之道,方便箝控。
維基解密揭派 40核數師
維基解密去年年底開始陸續披露 25萬份美國外交機密電報。最新曝光的一份,由美國駐上海領事館於 2007年 12月 11日發出。密電引述時任花旗集團中國區首席執行長的施瑞德( Richard Stanley)說,花旗銀行(中國)於當年 4月在中國註冊成為本地法人銀行,半年後中國銀行業監督管理委員會「罕見地」派出 40名核數師,「極具侵略性」和有「敵意」地到花旗上海總部核查了整整一個月。
施瑞德覺得這次行動並非要調查花旗(中國)是否有不當行為,而是中方「想知道花旗是怎樣運作,令中國銀監會可以控制我們,因為他們擔心花旗會變得很強大」。他直指這次核數行動造成了一次「知識產權轉移」;又指出中國銀監會十分認真地核查花旗(中國)有限公司,是否獨立於國際業務,核數師多次問他:「為甚麼不增加在銀行董事局的中國人數目?」
美國國務院拒絕置評
施瑞德曾分別向美國財政部中國事務特使霍爾默( Alan Holmer)和聯儲局理事沃爾什( Kevin Warsh)提及事件。但在密電公開後,美國國務院拒絕置評,花旗只表示他們與中國管理部門有「具建設性的關係。」
施瑞德 2007年又向美國官員指出,中國金融業「並非處於開放時期」,總理溫家寶在這方面的態度含糊,但他大讚當年成為中共政治局常委、有商業背景的習近平「令人印象很深刻」。施瑞德前年因血癌病逝。 Moneycontrol.com
Thursday, February 3, 2011
中國間諜美人計 竊法商業機密
法國情報檔案顯示,中國商業間諜竊取外國機構的商業機密,可謂無所不用其極,包括使出美人計和安插間諜作實習生,設局引目標上鈎。法國政府正為國內企業制訂指引,以防墮入中國間諜的美人計陷阱。
法國一間大藥廠的首席研究員以為飛來艷福,跟一名中國女孩上床,可是卻被對方偷拍做愛過程也懵然不知。直至翌日在酒店房內看到錄影片段,他惟有乖乖就範。
在另一個案,一家法國企業接待了一批中國代表團後,發現有專利液體樣本不翼而飛。之後證實是一名中國代表團成員用領帶吸走了液體,回國複製。有保安專家警告,法國企業還應該小心 30,000名在當地實習的中國學生。
中國套取商業秘密的伎倆層出不窮,包括以工程招標為名,趁機向發達國家企業套取重要資料。得手後,中方就會指計劃已擱置,但轉頭中國企業就自行生產同類產品,最典型例子是中國高鐵招標工程。法國 TGV火車公司為爭取中標勝算,法國駐華大使館特別為中國工程師提供六個月培訓課程。豈料課程結束後數月,中國就宣佈自行生產高速鐵路,設計跟 TGV和德國的 ICE火車相似。
此外,中國企業被指與外資企業建立合營公司,得到對方轉移部份技術後,就自行推出同樣產品。中國公司在竊取外國企業的技術後,更會惡人先告狀,反過來控告對方侵犯版權。
法國雷諾車廠( Renault)最近就爆出醜聞,三名高層涉嫌將公司商業秘密售予一間中國企業。法國情報當局據報,對於車廠一直未有向當局尋求協助感到憤怒。
法國政府正為國內企業制訂指引,以防墮入間諜陷阱,例如切勿在房間內跟中方代表簡介敏感資料,因為內容隨時會被竊聽。
英國《每日電訊報》
Friday, November 5, 2010
How the new Congress could affect stocks in 2011
How the new Congress could affect stocks in 2011
Investors haven't seen political, economic conditions like this; here's what to look for
David K. Randall, AP Business Writer, On Thursday November 4, 2010, 12:14 am EDT APNEW YORK (AP) -- Next year will be a year unlike any other for the stock market.
The Republican takeover of the House of Representatives on Tuesday means Wall Street will be contending with three situations in 2011 that drive stock prices:
-- The year before a president faces re-election.
-- The year after a president has lost control of Congress.
-- The second year of a fragile economic expansion.
The market often behaves a certain way in each of those situations, but history isn't helpful now because investors have never faced this trifecta before. What's clear is that what happens in Washington will be watched even more closely by investors next year.
"This election is more important than the average one because of all of the economic and policy issues that remain uncertain," says Robert Doll, the chief investment strategist at BlackRock, an investing firm with $3.4 trillion in assets under management.
Any mishandling of the economy by politicians will mean that "the fragile economic recovery we have is going to be hit over the head, and we would have to think about a double-dip recession all over again," Doll says.
Here's a look at the three situations coinciding next year an dhow they coulf affect the stock market:
--THE YEAR BEFORE A PRESIDENT RUNS FOR ELECTION:
Since 1945, the Dow Jones industrial average has gained an average of 19 percent the year before a sitting president runs. That's more than double the 7.9 percent average annual gain during the same period. If you take out the 10 years when the president was running, the average gain drops to only 5.8 percent.
No one has been able to prove why this happens. One theory is that the president pushes through politically popular spending measures to help his re-election. But that doesn't explain why the market also tends to rise in the third year of a president's second term. The Dow rose 25.2 percent, for example, in 1999, the third year of President Clinton second term. Since 1902 the Dow has gained, on average, 13.7 percent in the third year of a president's first term and 10.9 percent in the third year of a president's second term.
--THE YEAR AFTER A PRESIDENT LOSES CONTROL OF CONGRESS
Presidents whose party controlled both houses of Congress have lost at least one chamber five times in the past 80 years. Stock returns in the following year haven't followed a pattern. The Dow plunged 53 percent in 1931 and gained 34 percent in 1995. Gains in the other three years ranged from 2.2 percent to 20.8 percent. That makes it impossible to forecast what will happen this time. The change in Congress in 1931 came during the Great Depression, while the 1995 transition came during the first part of the Internet boom. The next Congress faces a fragile economic period, which could mean that the market offers another single-digit gain like this year.
Gridlock hasn't been great for stocks. Since 1945, the Standard and Poor's 500 index has gained 4 percent in years when Congress was split between parties. It increased 8 percent when Congress was controlled by one party and the White House another. When a single party was in control of Washington, the index gained an average of 11 percent.
--SLOW-GROWING ECONOMY
The economy is growing at a 2 percent annual rate, according to the latest estimate by the Commerce Department. That's slow by historical standards and shows that the end of the recession 17 months ago hasn't translated into a robust economic expansion.
Stocks have been in a bull market for 18 months, pushing the Dow up 70 percent since it hit a 12-year low in March 2009. That gain is larger than normal but isn't surprising considering that the rally followed the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. During slow recoveries like this one, bull markets typically last 30 months and bring gains of 44 percent overall, according to Ned Davis Research.
Corporate profits are improving, and wealthy consumers are starting to make some costly purchases. If the economy continues to improve, stocks will likely rise. But don't expect large gains because the economy needs to grow 3 percent or more to bring down the country's 9.6 percent unemployment rate. That's unlikely soon because residential and commercial construction remains weak, and construction fuels economic recoveries.
So what's an investor to do given this abnormal year? The best thing may be to follow your long-term plans regardless of what happens in Washington.
"There's no way to tell what's going to happen, or we would all be rich," says Paul Larson, the chief equities strategist at Morningstar.
Wednesday, November 3, 2010
盡論中國:中國的隱蔽 QE禍害更深
美國聯邦儲備局公佈第二輪量化寬鬆( QE2)措施前夕,北京官方傳媒《中國經濟周刊》披露,至今年 9月底,內地廣義貨幣( M2)餘額已達到 69.64萬億元,同前三季國內生產總值( GDP) 26.87萬億元相比,貨幣超額供應 42.77萬億元,堪稱 QE中國版。
美聯儲局的 QE政策,被中國經濟學家批評為損人不利己,既未有效改善美國經濟及就業,又推高新興國家的資產和股市泡沫。但是,比較中美兩國的 GDP和 M2後可以發現,一方面,中國 M2餘額多過美國的 8.7萬億美元, QE中國版的額度相當於 6.4萬億美元,更遠超美國第一輪 QE的 1.7萬億美元。另一方面,中國 M2是 GDP的 2.59倍,而美國 M2則只是前三季 GDP13.26萬億美元的 65.6%。
貨幣增發過多致高房價
由此可見,如果說美國版 QE造成熱錢湧入中國是擺明車馬、助長資產炒風,那麼,中國 30年來嚴重超發貨幣,這種隱蔽式 QE才是中國經濟增長的動力和資產泡沫升溫的根源所在。內 地著名時事評論員時寒冰早前曾批評,貨幣增發過多是高房價的罪魁禍首。他指出,中國目前 M2餘額是 1998年住房市場化改革開始時的 6.5倍,從中可以找出中國房價的走勢和漲幅,因此,雖然中央調控政策頻出,但二三線城市房價保持堅挺,甚至逆勢上漲。
《中國經濟周刊》引述中國 人民銀行前副行長、全國人大財經委副主委吳曉靈表示,過去 30年相當超量的貨幣都被新增商品(資源、土地等等)的市場化吸納,但她仍然無法接受目前央行實行的超高的貨幣供給是「理所應當」、是「合理」的。
內 地輿論此時轉而批評 QE中國版,當然不是替美國尋找攻擊人民幣滙率的新藉口,而應是另有政策考量。隨着央行上月宣佈加息及中央經濟工作會議納入議程,過往極度寬鬆的貨幣政策 已到了轉軚的時候,對內地及香港經濟增長的影響在明年就會浮現。
電郵: China@appledaily.com
Friday, October 29, 2010
Canada could be key supplier of rare metals
By Luann Lasalle, The Canadian Press
MONTREAL - Flatscreen TVs, laptops and Apple's iPhones all use rare earth metals, critical to tech devices but largely controlled and produced by China.
It's a market that a number of Canadian companies are trying to enter with their own mining properties in order to compete with and potentially take away market dominance from China.
"The market is only now catching up to the understanding of the sheer importance of these metals," said Peter Cashin, president and CEO of Quest Rare Minerals Ltd. (TSXV:QRM).
Besides TVs, computers and mobile phones, rare earth metals are also used in wind turbines, in iPod earbuds for sound quality, in hybrid electric cars' motors and batteries, and in smart bombs and other defence applications.
China controls about 97 per cent of the production of rare earth metals and has cut back on exports to meet domestic demand and help cut pollution. Japan has been already squeezed in its supply of these metals due to a dispute with China and said Friday it plans to mine for them in Vietnam in a bid to reduce its dependence on the economic powerhouse.
Cashin said he expects to have Quest's Strange Lake property in northeastern Quebec, near the Labrador boundary, in production by 2014 or 2015. He's also interested in finding a partner to refine the metals.
He said there's enough rare earth metals, both light and heavy, at the Quebec property for an estimated 65 to 100 years of production.
"That speaks very well to the security of the supply that's got the United States and other western governments concerned about their ability to obtain those important rare earths," he said.
Though they're called rare earth metals and may have been considered so when they were discovered at the end of the 18th century, they're not actually rare or in short supply.
They're a group of 17 similar metallic elements whose names aren't exactly common to everyday vocabularies, such as cerium, terbium, dysprosium and neodymium.
So-called "heavy" rare earth metals are particularly sought after because they're critical to the production of magnets found in wind turbines, computer hard drives and electric motors, and can tolerate very high temperatures.
Analyst Jack Lifton said the Chinese have cut back on production because they have to meet their own domestic demand and they're worried they're going to run out of the metals.
Lifton said Canadian companies could be the closest to producing an alternate supply of "heavy" rare earth metals, citing Saskatchewan-based Great Western Minerals Group Ltd. (TSXV:GWG) as an example.
"The world is waiting for a Canadian company to start producing heavy rare earths," said Lifton, founding principal of Technology Metals Research in Detroit.
"The heavy rare earths are critical to the production of modern magnets that can operate at high temperatures."
Great Western has a mine in South Africa that's expected to be up and running in 2013, said James Engdahl, president and CEO. A separation facility for the metals is also planned, he added.
"By 2013 when we're in production, we see ourselves growing substantially," Engdahl said, adding that the company may make an acquisition or two.
"We believe the potential in South Africa to produce maybe as much as 10,000 tonnes a year is very realistic," he said from Saskatoon.
Engdahl said the mine will be able to produce the in-demand "heavy" rare earth metals.
Great Western, which also processes the metals, has been buying them from China for 18 years. But Engdahl said the company also processes rare earth metals in England and Michigan.
"We are the only ones that make alloys basically outside Asia," he said.
Lifton said he also likes Avalon Rare Metals (TSX:AVL), but he said it will be financially challenging for the Toronto-headquartered company to get the heavy earth metals out of the ground due to infrastructure costs at its property in the Northwest Territories.
"If they can do that, Avalon will become the world's premier supplier of the world's heavy rare earths and the Chinese will buy from them and everybody will be happy."
Engdahl said rare earth metals have changed everyday life and "miniaturized" devices.
"If you went back to the '60s and you had a big black-and-white TV, that's what the world would be like without rare earth magnets in them."
Tuesday, April 6, 2010
Report: China-based hackers stole India secrets
By CARA ANNA, Associated Press Writer Cara Anna, Associated Press Writer – Tue Apr 6, 9:37 am ET
BEIJING – China-based hackers stole Indian national security information, 1,500 e-mails from the Dalai Lama's office and other sensitive documents, a new report said Tuesday.
Researchers at the University of Toronto said they were able to observe the hacking and trace it to core servers located in China and to people based in the southwestern city of Chengdu. The researchers said they monitored the hacking for the past eight months.
The report said it has no evidence of involvement by the Chinese government, but it again put Beijing on the defensive. Separate reports earlier this year said security investigators had traced attacks on Google and other companies to China-based computers.
"We have from time to time heard this kind of news. I don't know the purpose of stirring up these issues," Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu told a regular press conference in response to questions about the report.
"We are firmly opposed to various kinds of hacking activities through the Internet," Jiang said. She said China will fight cybercrime according to law.
She added the researchers have not formally contacted China.
The report describes a hacking operation called the "Shadow network" that researchers were able to observe as it broke into computers and took information, including computers at Indian diplomatic offices in Kabul, Moscow and elsewhere.
The report said the researchers were able to recover Indian national security documents marked "secret" and "confidential," including ones referring to security in India's far northeast, which borders China. Others related to India's relationships in the Middle East, Africa and Russia.
Researchers also recovered 1,500 e-mails sent from the Dalai Lama's office between January and November 2009, the report said.
A map in the report showed computers were compromised on every continent except Australia and Antarctica. One was a United Nations computer, at the U.N.'s Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
"In addition we found personal banking information, scans of identification documents, job (and other) applications, legal documents and information about ongoing court cases," the report said.
The identity and motivation of the hackers remain unknown, the report said.
"We have no evidence in this report of the involvement of the People's Republic of China," it added. "But an important question to be entertained is whether the PRC will take action to shut the Shadow network down."
There was no immediate comment Tuesday from the government in India, China's massive neighbor to the south with which it has a growing military rivalry and lingering territorial disputes. Foreign Minister S.M. Krishna is visiting China this week to take part in celebrations to mark the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the countries.
The office of the Dalai Lama was aware of new hacking report.
"These things are not new," said Tenzin Takhlha, a spokesman for the office of the Dalai Lama, the Tibetan spiritual leader accused by China of supporting independence for Tibet. He said the office is working closely with the researchers to secure its computer systems.
A Canadian research group involved in Tuesday's report, the Information Warfare Monitor, released a similar report a year ago that said a cyberspy network, based mainly in China, hacked into classified documents from government and private organizations in 103 countries, including the computers of the Dalai Lama and Tibetan exiles.
Tibet's government-in-exile quickly denounced that network at the time.
___
Associated Press writer Ashok Sharma in New Delhi contributed to this report.
Wednesday, March 3, 2010
債務風險蔓全球 中國難獨善其身
【東方日報專訊】歐洲主權債務危機引起關注之際,美國的債務危機也不曾在全球的焦點中消失。里昂證券亞太市場主席預期,美國可能面臨系統性公共領域債務危機,最終導致盯住美元制度的終結,認為有百分之四十的發生機率。更重要的是,美國的政治現實無法解決財政危機。目前歐、美兩大經濟體系,債務危機持續蔓延,在工業國的領導人激烈批評歐洲小國的財政玩忽時,忘記了債務危機揭示的根源深植於其自身制度中。
金融海嘯後,全球為避免經濟陷入長期衰退,狂擲金錢、大印銀紙,破除了財政的謹慎態度,釀成今天的債務「碩果」。○八年是次按危機肆虐,○九年轉化為廣泛的金融危機,一○年恐怕造成廣泛的主權債務危機。發展進程揭示,起源於私人及企業的債務危機,逐步演化成政府、公共的債務危機,各國在慶賀經濟獲得復甦時,主權債務正掀起狂瀾,可能成為摧毀復甦的計時炸彈。
美國總統奧巴馬提交了赤字高達一點五六萬億美元的預算,希望透過提升公共預算增進就業,凸顯了美國在削財赤與謀創就業間,魚與熊掌難以兼得。歐洲碰到的難題大同小異,透過主權債務同復甦的關連,不難看到要麼是主權債務危機,要麼是復甦受挫、二次衰退,現實如此的無奈,前景有如履薄冰之險。
面對全球這種形勢,有分析認為中國是免疫的,不存在債務危機。像索羅斯這樣重量級的人物、眾多投資之神都認同中國的好景。剛公布業績的滙控,其發展策略就押注於中國的前景,這是滙控自感歐、美、亞洲鼎足而立的國際化策略,在歐、美前景不確定之下,惟有力拓亞洲及重點中國。事實上,中國有自身的問題,當前困擾中國的資產泡沫,就棘手而無從解決。
索羅斯說過,見到泡沫就追入。他刻下看好中國追入投資,是逐泡沫而至?那麼後一步是否套利遠颺?全球賺錢之神看好中國就像造泡合唱,這些大師看的不過是資產價值盈虧,懶理經濟結構平衡與否,是否可持續。投資的潛在守則就是不和投資對象「談戀愛」、趨利避害追漲殺跌,這種動機使得他們的判斷帶有偏見,有目的地選擇報喜或報憂。內地官方也樂於報喜聲入耳,自以為經濟穩陣,鶴立雞群。
中國存款豐厚、外儲龐大,財政赤字未見風險,主權債務危機蔓延,似燒不到中國頭上。其實不然,中國公共債務有結構差異的隱患。人行統計顯示,截至去年五月底地方政府負債超過五萬億元。財政部官員估算,目前地方投融資平台負債超過六萬億元,相當於GDP的百分之十六點五。專家認為去年地方政府負債總規模,已超過地方全年的財政總收入。
可見,中央雖富,堪為全球的一個大債主,地方卻窮,可謂負債纍纍,面臨愈滾愈大的債務雪球。中央要調結構、謀發展,實施城鎮化策略,可能因此而大大受制,發展模式的轉型可能因地方財絀卻步。這顯示中國債務危機是深層次的,免疫之說並不成立,與歐、美的債務危機只有形式上明暗及程度上深淺的差異,無本質不同,並非中國大擲金錢後,經濟自然而然獲得良性發展。債務風險五十步笑一百步的誤解,反而應當促成決策者對債務風險激化,最終危及經濟發展的警惕。
Monday, March 1, 2010
數據搞錯了 日本未取而代之 中國仍是美最大債權國
美國財政部上周五修訂數據,指中國迄今仍是美國債券最大債權國,地位沒有被日本迎頭趕上。
財政部上月中發表數據,指中國去年 11月持有 9,290億美元美債, 12月則減持至 7,550億美元,數目比日本同期的 7,657億美元少。但財政部上周五表示,當時沒有把中國投資者透過香港及英國等離岸註冊公司持有的數目計算在內,所以中國去年尾仍持有 8,948億美元美債。
美國政界一直批評,中國持有的美債數量越多,國家政經方面越容易被中國牽引。美國 1月尾對台售武,總統奧巴馬上月又接見西藏流亡精神領袖達賴喇嘛,中國便聲言要報復美國。但美國有分析指出,中國經濟仍在冒起,需要為外滙儲備尋求出路,若大幅減持美債,中國便會因債券價值下跌而得不償失,因此中國惟有一邊對外宣佈減持美債,一邊又在境外購入,分散外界注意力。
法新社
Sunday, February 7, 2010
10 China Myths for the New Decade
10 China Myths for the New Decade
by Derek Scissors, Ph.D.
Backgrounder #2366
Abstract: China's economic growth has been accompanied by growing misinformation about its economy. Contrary to conventional wisdom, China is not leading the world out of a recession, is no longer moving toward a market economy, is not America's banker, and may never surpass the U.S. Heritage Foundation Asia expert Derek Scissors debunks 10 leading myths about the Chinese economy and replaces them with the accurate picture necessary to guide American policy.
The article is too lengthy to include here. Therefore only the ten myths have been included. To read the full article, visit this link.
Myth #1: China is now the leading engine for global growth.
Truth: China detracts from the rest of the world's growth in gross domestic product (GDP).
Myth #2: China could surpass the U.S. as the largest economy in 10 years. Truth: There is a reasonable chance that China will never surpass the U.S. Myth #3: China will surpass Japan as the world's second-largest economy in 2010. Truth: China probably surpassed Japan several years ago. Myth #4: China is America's banker. Truth: If there was ever any Chinese financial influence, it is not there now. Myth #5: The U.S. and China are intensely interdependent--"Chimerica" has emerged. Truth: China depends far more heavily on the U.S. than the U.S. depends on China. Myth #6: China's controlled exchange rate is a central factor in the global economy. Truth: The controlled exchange rate is merely one symptom of a larger problem. Myth #7: China continues to reform its economy, with perhaps an understandable pause due to the financial crisis. Truth: China's market reform slowed sharply in 2002 and effectively stopped in 2005. Myth #8: China is rebalancing toward more domestic consumption. Truth: The dominance of investment over consumption in driving China's economy is intensifying. Myth #9: China's greenhouse gas emissions are about the same as America's. Truth: China's emissions are as much as 25 percent larger, and the gap is widening every day. Myth #10: China has an official program to substantially cut its carbon emissions. Truth: The goal is to cut carbon emissions intensity. Actual emissions will soar in the next decade.
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
探針:二○一○是 G2元年
二○一○年剛開始,兩位《紐約時報》最負盛名的專欄作家──諾貝爾經濟學獎得主克魯明( Paul Krugman)及寫下《世界是平的》( The World is Flat)的名記者 Thomas L. Friedman(弗里曼)不約而同寫了中美關係展望的文章。只是兩人的觀點南轅北轍各走極端。
克魯明的文章痛斥中國實行的是近乎掠奪( predatory)的重商主義政策,指中國透過人為壓低人民幣滙率搶佔全球市場,擠走其他國家的競爭對手,把所剩無幾的消費需求搶到中國來,令發達國家包括美國企業失去競爭力,令其他國家勞工失去職位,令西方各國更難走出衰退。克魯明這位國際貿易理論專家更認為若果中國繼續掠奪式的外貿政策,美國政府以至歐盟各國應當採取保護主義措施對付中國,限制中國貨進口,保護本地企業及工人的飯碗。他引用已故經濟學大師 Paul A. Samuelson的說法,指非常時期必須採取非常手段。
Thomas L. Friedman則以「誰在睡大覺」( Who's sleeping now)為題,指中國的大躍進是二十一世紀頭十年最重要的國際大事,比九一一恐怖襲擊或金融海嘯更重要。往下來中國發展的步伐持續,正努力發展環保科技、綠色能源,希望搶佔這些新興產業的領導權,不再受制於人。美國需要與中國合作才能延續本身在環保科技、高科技上的優勢,才能保住經濟的主導地位。若果美國嘆慢板式放棄合作,中國將可憑藉她的巨額投資及龐大市場成為新興綠色產業以至全球經濟的龍頭。
一邊講制裁及貿易壁壘,一邊講合作研發新科技、新經濟。前者佔上風的話,未來幾年中美關係肯定永無寧日,爭議磨擦不斷。假若後一種思維成為主導,中美合作將會進一步加強,世界也將會真正邁向兩強界別(G2)的格局。
撇開兩種思路誰勝誰負不說,克魯明、弗里曼兩位見多識廣的美國精英在對華政策上提出截然不同的策略反映的不僅是兩人的學術背景、立場不同,更顯示中國快速冒起令美國政界、學術界措手不及。在舊的框架失效,新的框架未建立以前,大家提出的是各走極端的方案,根本凝聚不了主流共識,更不要說全盤策略。
過去幾十年,美國從圍堵到和平演變中國,都是一種以美國為中心,以中國為邊陲的不對等關係;都是一種帝國對付遠方蠻國、未開化國家( barbaric states)的態度。只想把中國擱在一旁或變成類似西方的次等國家。但經過三十年的改革開放特別是過去十年的「大躍進」,中國在很多方面(除政治上)已跟美國、西方等資本主義國家沒有分別,在實力上更是超英趕美,成為第二大經濟強國,開始擁有跟美國平等對話交往的實力及基礎。對於慣以天朝大國自居的美國政界、學界來說,這種平起平坐的關係是非常新鮮的事物,是二次大戰後從未遇過的。再搞單邊主義、自行其是固然不容易,要合作搞G2又未必願意放下身段。也許正是在這樣的十字路口,美國內部才會出現這種一方喊制裁、一方叫合作共佔主導地位的奇怪現象。
盧峯
逢周三、六刊出
Sunday, January 3, 2010
向多國大放數 借出逾 45萬億 內地銀行 全球復蘇主力
一場全球金融海嘯後,水頭充足的中國國營銀行搖身成為全球經濟復蘇主要原動力,歐美國家的銀行去年收緊貸款,內地銀行卻不斷為海外企業提供及時雨,例如澳洲能源機構 APA原本想借 9,000萬美元( 7.02億港元),中國銀行竟借足 1.1億美元( 8.58億港元)。
根據中國人民銀行的資料,內地銀行去年水喉大開,總貸款額是前年的三倍,單是頭九個月就借出 1.3萬億美元( 10.1萬億港元)。分析員估計,貸款給外國企業的金額較前年增加一倍,約佔所有新造貸款 11%。
五年前,內地國營銀行仍被視為官僚巨獸、未能跟國際金融業接軌,但前年金融海嘯捲起,內地銀行在行政改組,加上中央政府注資應付呆壞賬下,損失較西方同業未算大之餘,在此消彼長下,形勢更強。
APA要 7億 中銀借足 8億
放大圖片
內地銀行為全球經濟復蘇提供動力。
內地銀行為全球經濟復蘇提供動力。
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水源充足,銀行不斷對外貸款,情況幾乎前所未見。截至去年 10月,內地銀行共貸款 5.8萬億美元( 45.2萬億港元),超越了日本,而去年首 10個月貸款額增加 22%,同期間美國的銀行貸款額卻收縮了 7%。
美國西南航空公司、杜拜民航部門等都是受惠企業,其中澳洲企業 APA面對歐洲的銀行要求削減貸款時,中國銀行卻出手襄助, APA原本想借 9,000萬美元,中國銀行竟借足 1.1億美元。
荷蘭貿易公司 Trafigura也有類似遭遇,要求借貸 5.05億美元( 39億港元),但中國農業銀行、工商銀行和民生銀行總共借出 7億美元( 54.6億港元)。荷蘭飛機租賃服務供應商 Aercap雖然沒有貸款困難,竟獲中國國家開發銀行主動提供貸款 17億美元( 132億港元)。
滙豐銀行中國區首席經濟師屈宏斌說:「內地銀行不斷貸款海外,因為中國有高達 2.3萬億美元( 18萬億港元)外滙儲備,主要投資在美國財政部,但北京擔心美國經濟仍未走出谷底,美金隨時貶值,所以要分散投資。」
美國《華盛頓郵報》
Saturday, December 5, 2009
中國版馬歇爾計劃 助非洲製造業起飛
擬將玩具廠 鞋廠搬到撒哈拉
中國版馬歇爾計劃 助非洲製造業起飛
Appledaily 2009年12月05日二次大戰後,美國的「馬歇爾計劃」( Marshall Plan)資助歐洲重建,打造西方戰後繁榮。今日,「中國版馬歇爾計劃」有望上馬,中國與世界銀行正商討協助非洲國家建立製造業基地,將中國和亞洲以出口 和製造業達致高增長的模式,甚至將中國一些低技術產業,移植到非洲,協助非洲經濟能起飛。
英國《金融時報》昨天(周五)報道,世銀行長佐利克( Robert Zoellick)形容北京對於在非洲新工業區設立低成本工廠的建議很感興趣。此舉除有望助非洲經濟起飛,亦可扭轉非洲佔全球貿易比率下跌的趨勢,為中國提供新市場。
佐利克向《金融時報》表示:「中國一些人不只樂意這樣做,更表達了濃厚興趣。我跟中國商務部長陳德銘談過,有可能將玩具廠和鞋廠等低增值的生產設施,搬到撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地區。」
佐利克指中國一些行業有優勢,像懂得如何擴大勞工密集生產,以及擁有創業時很需要的營銷網絡,不過非洲國家想吸引中國投資,有需要先搞好電力和運輸等基建,以及建立有效的海關關稅制度。
中 國官員和學者,近月辯論一個被稱為「中國版馬歇爾計劃」的建議,就是利用其全球最多的外滙儲備,刺激發展中國家的需求。不過這類建議在國內外都有一定保留 聲音,部份非洲領袖擔心中資在造鞋和紡織業的競爭,會削弱非洲薄弱的工業基礎,中方官員也擔心中國跟非洲的關係,會被視為一種新的殖民主義。
中國將部份生產線轉移到非洲,亦面對很大內部壓力,指會造成出口工業職位流失。中國沿岸地區勞工成本上升,內陸省分政府極力想吸引這些職位到來,而不是想職位外流到非洲。英國《金融時報》
奧巴馬:政府無錢刺激就業
美國總統奧巴馬( Barack Obama)已大開水喉刺激經濟,無奈失業率仍在雙位數高位徘徊。他前天(周四)在白宮召開創造職位峯會,強調採取「一切負責任的步驟去加速創造職位」,但表明政府已沒錢再推出第二個刺激經濟方案。
邀逾百商界集思廣益
奧巴馬邀請逾百商界領袖、經濟學家和勞工界人士到白宮,為創造職位方法集思廣益。他提出一些可快速落實的措 施,像擴大家居節能翻修計劃,並提到可能用貿易措施和稅務誘因來阻止職位流失,但表明政府資源有限,創造職位要靠私營企業領頭。眾議院議長佩洛西( Nancy Pelosi)則繼續向公帑打主意,指國會將爭取把 7,000億美元( 5.46萬億港元)救市基金中仍未動用的款項,改為支付搞基建和減少公共服務裁員,據報目標是 700億美元( 5,460億港元)。美聯社/法新社
美國人孤立主義高漲
美國經濟差,國民也失去自信心。皮尤研究中心前日(周四)發表的調查,指美國人的孤立主義情緒高漲,是 40年來最高, 49%人表示美國在國際事務應「自己顧自己」,遠高於七年前的 30%,在阿富汗問題上, 32%人支持增兵,但 40%人支持撤軍。美國人對於美國的世界地位觀感,亦有動搖。 41%受訪者指美國領導世界的角色比十年前弱,遠高於 2001年時的 25%, 44%人認為現時世界第一經濟強國是中國,只有 27%人說是美國。 53%人又認為中國崛起對美國是威脅。美聯社Tuesday, September 15, 2009
金融海嘯一周年
《金融海嘯一周年之改革制度》
今天 9月 15日,是投資銀行雷曼兄弟( Lehman Brothers)破產,觸發全球金融海嘯一周年。一年過去,金融海嘯退潮,源頭美國在量化寬鬆政策印銀紙注資救市下,一度瀕危的金融機構總算喘定。美國總統奧巴馬( Barack Obama)在金融海嘯一周年前夕,昨天親身到海嘯重災區紐約華爾街發表演說,敦促加強金融監管制度,根除觸發世紀金融海嘯的禍源,為經濟復蘇奠基。
任志剛:防資產泡沫再生
學者睇淡前景 雙底衰退
航運低迷 星集結「鬼船」
賭城地底「隧道人」湧現
貪婪回歸槓桿買賣翻生 Accumulator成交倍增
全球史無前例瘋狂救市
財經猛人憶海嘯 太平洋投資 CEO:叫太太立即提款
歐洲股神堅信逆市投資 新一輪牛市看好科技股
股神從錯誤中領略成功
末日博士:年底或再跌
盛智文低位買美金融股
Thursday, September 10, 2009
星洲勁升香港競爭力原地踏步
【東方日報專訊】世界經濟論壇發表○九年全球競爭力報告,香港的排名與去年一樣,在全球競爭力排行十一,但港人「假想敵」的新加坡,其競爭力則顯著 躍升,由排行第五爬升至第三,而其他亞洲經濟體亦表現強勁。有學者指,香港雖然力保排名不跌,但對比周邊國家的急速發展,香港明顯是不進則退,猶如「龜兔 賽跑的兔子」,既輕敵又膽小,批評港府做事缺乏長遠目光,致令香港發展陷於樽頸。
報告指出,香港能保住十一位的排名,很大原因是香港背靠中國,與內地的金融市場有緊密聯繫,因此對投資者和公司仍有吸引力。
反 觀沒有「後台」的新加坡,卻仍可靠本身的國力成為亞洲最具競爭力的國家,如它的資源及勞動市場效能是全球排名第一,而金融市場成熟度則排行第二,加上該國 近年致力發展基建和高等教育等,令競爭力大增。另外,引發金融海嘯的美國失去競爭力首位的寶座,排名降至第二位,瑞士則取代美國,成為全球競爭力最強的國 家。
至於經濟發展備受關注的中國,其競爭力亦持續上升,由排名三十升至二十九位,不過,報告指出中國的金融市場成熟度、技術準備和高等教育等方面仍有待加強,台灣就躍升五位至第十二位。
城市大學經濟及金融學系副教授李鉅威直斥香港明顯是不進則退,他說:「周邊國家學習香港就不斷進步,反而香港仲停留喺九十年代,今次排名唔跌已經算好彩!」
港似「龜兔賽跑的兔子」
他指,港府太過依賴中央的協助,因此放軟手腳,無積極發揮長處,令港競爭力停滯不前。李鉅威更將政府喻作「龜兔賽跑的兔子」和「小學生心態」,既輕敵又膽小,做事欠長遠目光,這些因素全是令香港發展陷於樽頸的原因。
城大專業進修學院學術統籌宋立功亦指,新加坡可逆境升級值得港府反思,他斥政府常將四大支柱、六大產業掛在口邊,但在過去一年對於提升香港競爭力的工作上「完全不合格」。
學者:四大支柱江河日下
宋立功稱,四大支柱已經江河日下,特別是銀行業受雷曼事件影響,要再次建立投資者的信心絕非易事,目前只能靠人民幣業務「拉上補下」才幸保不失,至於六大產業更是「吹水」成分居多。
他促政府盡早成立常設督導委員會與業界交流合作,並訂下六大產業發展路線圖和時間表,才能提升香港競爭力。
To see why Singapore goes ahead of Hong Kong, the following article "A Port in the Storm" from Time Magazine may suggest a reason:
Singapore's tiny size (2008 pop. 4.84 million) has traditionally been its greatest economic vulnerability. Add to that an almost complete absence of natural resources, and Singapore was left little choice but to trade its way to prosperity — a realization its first Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, came to as far back as the late 1960s, when a commitment to free trade was unfashionable in the developing world. (See pictures of the recession of 1958.)
But after more than four decades of trade-driven growth, Singapore has found that its relatively wealthy citizens can now help to provide the economic cushion it lacked at its independence in 1965. According to Singapore's Department of Statistics, the average income per working household member has grown 5.5% over the past three years, to $1,652 a month or roughly $20,000 a year. A stunning 84% of Singapore's citizens live in subsidized public-housing estates, which keeps the cost of living and mortgages low. And because most large Singapore companies have so far refrained from mass layoffs, unemployment in Singapore, at just 3.3%, remains enviably low. Citigroup's Kit points out that though 18,600 jobs were lost in Singapore in the first half of 2009, that's less than half the the number lost at similar stages of recessions in 1997 and 2001.
That's why, despite the recession, ordinary Singaporeans have more cash in their pockets to spend than debt-burdened Americans or jobless Europeans. Inside the Harry Winston luxury-jewelry store in a mall on Orchard Road, a pear-shaped $5.3 million diamond ring has been pulling customers through the shop's bulletproof doors. Although nobody has yet snapped up the ring, Ginny Ng, managing director of Harry Winston in Singapore, says with a shrug, "I don't feel the global recession here."
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Also, Ranking of other countries:
全球競爭力排名中國繼續上昇 香港排名十一
| 2009年09月08日 17:22 稿件來源:香港新聞網 |
世界經濟論壇今天發佈了《2009-2010年全球競爭力報告》,中國在這一報告的競爭力排名榜上的位置繼續上昇。中國優良的商業環境和創新能 力為其增加了很多分值,而其國內市場和出口市場的規模也為它帶來了許多競爭優勢。但此報告表示,中國仍然有一些需要進一步發展的領域,尤其是其金融市場成 熟性、技術準備和高等教育方面。
瑞士上昇至第一位,金融市場和宏觀經濟穩定性均有所削弱的美國下降至第二位。新加坡、瑞典和丹麥分別佔據了第三、第四和第五位。
在金磚四國的另外三個國家中,巴西和印度的排名也有所上昇,而俄羅斯下降了12位。歐洲國家在前10位排名中仍然佔據了大部分席位,包括芬蘭、 德國和荷蘭。英國仍然極具競爭力,但它延續了去年排名下降的態勢,又下降了一位,排在今年的第13位,這主要是由於其金融市場的繼續削弱造成的。幾個亞洲 經濟體有著強有力的表現 ─ 日本、香港、韓國、台灣和中國均位列前20位。在拉美,智利是排名最高的國家,其後是哥斯達黎加和巴西。
中東和北非的一些國家處於前50%排名之內,其中最為領先的是卡塔爾、阿拉伯聯合酋長國、以色列、沙特阿拉伯、巴林、科威特和突尼斯;海灣國家 有了長足進步,繼續保持了最近幾年的上昇勢頭。在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地區和南非,毛裏求斯和博茨瓦納也排在前50%排名之內,而這一地區的其他一些國家 也提高了它們的競爭力。請點擊此處閱讀此報告的亮點。
世界經濟論壇創始人兼執行主席克勞斯•施瓦布表示:“世界各國之間的相互依賴讓本次經濟危機具有了真正全球性。政策制訂者正在力圖找出解決這些 最新出現的經濟難題的方法,同時也在爭取讓它們的國家在有更多不確定性的未來的全球經濟環境中取得更好發展。全球經濟目前處於困境當中,各國建立起支持經 濟增長和發展的基本點比以往任何時候都更加重要。”
《報告》共同作者美國哥倫比亞大學經濟學教授Xavier Sala-i-Martin補充說:“在當前經濟危機的背景下,政策制訂者一定不能因為短期緊迫性而忘記長期的競爭力基本點。有競爭力的經濟體都具有推動 生產力發展的基礎,它們在目前和未來的繁榮都依賴於這一生產力的提升。有助於提升競爭力的經濟環境可幫助國家的經濟抵禦經濟危機,並確保制訂在未來推動經 濟健康發展的機制。”
Monday, February 23, 2009
Sunday, February 22, 2009
America's Broken Banks
Why Your Bank Is Broke
Feb. 9, 2009 | By Stephen GandelSketchy loans, financial blunders and a string of bad bets have left America's banks nearly insolvent. How an industry collapsed--and why nationalization may be the only way to save it
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
經 濟 衰 退 大 凶 兆 惡 魔 高 跟 鞋 當 道
經 濟 學 家 早 有 裙 子 經 濟 論 , 短 裙 經 濟 好 , 長 裙 經 濟 差 。 原 來 高
英 國 《 太 陽 報 》
